Liquid discharging apparatus, head unit, capacitive load driving circuit, and integrated circuit device for capacitive load driving

ABSTRACT

There is provided a liquid discharging apparatus including: a low voltage system circuit block including a modulation portion which generates a modulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; a high voltage system circuit block including a gate driver which generates an amplification control signal based on the modulation signal; a transistor which generates an amplification modulation signal amplified from the modulation signal based on the amplification control signal; a low pass filter which demodulates the amplification modulation signal and generates a driving signal; and a piezoelectric element which is displaced as the driving signal is applied, in which the low voltage system circuit block and the high voltage system circuit block are formed on the same semiconductor substrate, in which the semiconductor substrate has one substrate potential supply terminal to which a substrate potential of the semiconductor substrate is supplied.

The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-249938,filed Dec. 10, 2014 is expressly incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a liquid discharging apparatus, a headunit, a capacitive load driving circuit, and an integrated circuitdevice for capacitive load driving.

2. Related Art

In a liquid discharging apparatus, such as an ink jet printer, whichdischarges ink and prints an image or a document, an apparatus whichuses a piezoelectric element (for example, a piezo element) is known.The piezoelectric elements are provided corresponding to each of aplurality of nozzles in a head unit, and each of the piezoelectricelements is driven in accordance with driving signals. Accordingly, apredetermined amount of ink (liquid) is discharged from the nozzle at apredetermined timing, and a dot is formed. Since the piezoelectricelement is a capacitive load, such as a capacitor, in terms ofelectricity, it is necessary to supply sufficient amount of current inorder to operate the piezoelectric elements of each nozzle.

For this reason, in the above-described liquid discharging apparatus,the piezoelectric elements are driven as a driving signal which isamplified by an amplifying circuit is supplied to a head unit (ink jethead). An example of the amplifying circuit includes a type whichperforms current amplification with respect to a source signal beforethe amplification by using a class-AB amplifier, but since energyefficiency is not excellent, in recent years, a type in which a class-Damplifier is used has been suggested (refer to JP-A-2010-114711).

In order to obtain the discharge accuracy by a class-D amplifier for anink jet head (achieve high accuracy of an output waveform), highoscillation frequency (1 MHz to MHz) which is 20 or more times higherthan that of an audio class-D amplifier is necessary. However, due tothe high oscillation frequency, the influence of various types of noiseis likely to occur. For this reason, the inventors have found that, inthe class-D amplifier for ink jet, a component layout of an IC which isless significant, but is considered important in the audio class-Damplifier for reducing noise.

SUMMARY

An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a liquiddischarging apparatus, a head unit, a capacitive load driving circuit,and an integrated circuit device for capacitive load driving, in whichthe discharge accuracy of liquid can be improved.

The invention can be realized in the following aspects or applicationexamples.

Application Example 1

According to this application example, there is provided a liquiddischarging apparatus including: a low voltage system circuit blockincluding a modulation portion which generates a modulation signalpulse-modulated from a source signal; a high voltage system circuitblock including a gate driver which generates an amplification controlsignal based on the modulation signal; a transistor which generates anamplification modulation signal amplified from the modulation signalbased on the amplification control signal; a low pass filter whichdemodulates the amplification modulation signal and generates a drivingsignal; a piezoelectric element which is displaced as the driving signalis applied; a cavity in which the inside is filled with liquid and theinternal volume changes due to the displacement of the piezoelectricelement; and a nozzle which communicates with the cavity, and dischargesthe liquid inside the cavity as liquid droplets in accordance with thechange in the internal volume of the cavity, in which the low voltagesystem circuit block and the high voltage system circuit block areformed on the same semiconductor substrate, in which the semiconductorsubstrate has one substrate potential supply terminal to which asubstrate potential of the semiconductor substrate is supplied, and inwhich, in a plan view, the shortest straight path between the substratepotential supply terminal and the low voltage system circuit block doesnot intersect the high voltage system circuit block, and the shorteststraight path between the substrate potential supply terminal and thehigh voltage system circuit block does not intersect the low voltagesystem circuit block.

In this case, it is possible to prevent noise from coming in through thesemiconductor substrate to the low voltage system circuit block from thehigh voltage system circuit block which includes the gate driver thatbecomes a source of noise by using one substrate potential supplyterminal. Accordingly, the modulation portion can generate a modulationsignal which has excellent accuracy. Therefore, since it is possible tocontrol the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element with highaccuracy, it is possible to realize a liquid discharging apparatus inwhich the discharge accuracy of liquid can be improved.

Application Example 2

In the liquid discharging apparatus according to the applicationexample, the low voltage system circuit block and the high voltagesystem circuit block may be respectively separated from each other in atriple well structure.

In this case, as the high voltage system circuit block and the lowvoltage system circuit block are separated from each other by the triplewell structure, it is possible to prevent noise from coming in throughthe semiconductor substrate to the low voltage system circuit block fromthe high voltage system circuit block which includes the gate driverthat becomes a source of noise. Accordingly, the modulation portion cangenerate a modulation signal which has excellent accuracy. Therefore,since it is possible to control the voltage applied to the piezoelectricelement with high accuracy, it is possible to realize a liquiddischarging apparatus in which the discharge accuracy of liquid can beimproved.

Application Example 3

In the liquid discharging apparatus according to the applicationexample, the low voltage system circuit block may further include asource signal generation portion which generates the source signal.

In this case, it is possible to suppress the influence of noise on thesource signal generation portion. Accordingly, the modulation portioncan generate a modulation signal which has excellent accuracy.Therefore, since it is possible to control the voltage applied to thepiezoelectric element with high accuracy, it is possible to realize aliquid discharging apparatus in which the discharge accuracy of liquidcan be improved.

Application Example 4

In the liquid discharging apparatus according to the applicationexample, the low voltage system circuit block may further include apower source portion which supplies power to at least one of a pluralityof circuits formed on the semiconductor substrate.

In this case, it is possible to suppress the influence of noise on thepower source portion. Accordingly, it is possible to stabilize anoperation of a circuit to which power of the power source is supplied.Therefore, since it is possible to control the voltage applied to thepiezoelectric element with high accuracy, it is possible to realize aliquid discharging apparatus in which the discharge accuracy of liquidcan be improved.

Application Example 5

In the liquid discharging apparatus according to the applicationexample, the high voltage system circuit block may further include aboosting circuit.

In this case, it is possible to prevent noise from coming in through thesemiconductor substrate to the low voltage system circuit block from thehigh voltage system circuit block which includes the boosting circuitthat becomes a source of noise, by using one substrate potential supplyterminal. Accordingly, the modulation portion can generate a modulationsignal which has excellent accuracy. Therefore, since it is possible tocontrol the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element with highaccuracy, it is possible to realize a liquid discharging apparatus inwhich the discharge accuracy of liquid can be improved.

Application Example 6

In the liquid discharging apparatus according to the applicationexample, the oscillation frequency of the modulation signal may be 1 MHzto 8 MHz.

In this case, the driving signal is generated by smoothing theamplification modulation signal, the piezoelectric element is displacedas the driving signal is applied, and liquid is discharged from thenozzle. Here, for example, when the liquid discharging apparatusperforms frequency spectrum analysis with respect to a waveform of thedriving signal for discharging small dots, it is confirmed that afrequency component which is equal to or greater than 50 kHz isincluded. In order to generate the driving signal which includes thefrequency component which is equal to or greater than 50 kHz, thefrequency of the modulation signal (frequency of the self-excitedoscillation) is required to be equal to or greater than 1 MHz.

If the frequency is lower than 1 MHz, an edge of the waveform of thereproduced driving signal becomes blunt and round. In other words, anangle is rounded and the waveform becomes blunt. When the waveform ofthe driving signal is blunt, the displacement of the piezoelectricelement which is operated in accordance with a rising or falling edge ofthe waveform becomes slow, tailing during discharge or a dischargedefect is generated, and the quality of printing deteriorates.

Meanwhile, if the frequency of the self-excited oscillation is higherthan 8 MHz, resolution of the waveform of the driving signal increases.However, as switching frequency increases in the transistor, switchingloss increases, and compared to linear amplification of a class-ABamplifier or the like, excellent power saving performance and generatedheat saving performance are deteriorated.

For this reason, in the above-described liquid discharging apparatus, itis preferable that the frequency of the modulation signal is 1 MHz to 8MHz.

Application Example 7

According to this application example, there is provided a head unitincluding: a low voltage system circuit block including a modulationportion which generates a modulation signal pulse-modulated from asource signal; a high voltage system circuit block including a gatedriver which generates an amplification control signal based on themodulation signal; a transistor which generates an amplificationmodulation signal amplified from the modulation signal based on theamplification control signal; a low pass filter which demodulates theamplification modulation signal and generates a driving signal; apiezoelectric element which is displaced as the driving signal isapplied; a cavity in which the inside is filled with liquid and theinternal volume changes due to the displacement of the piezoelectricelement; and a nozzle which communicates with the cavity, and dischargesthe liquid inside the cavity as liquid droplets in accordance with thechange in the internal volume of the cavity, in which the low voltagesystem circuit block and the high voltage system circuit block areformed on the same semiconductor substrate, in which the semiconductorsubstrate has one substrate potential supply terminal to which asubstrate potential of the semiconductor substrate is supplied, and inwhich, in a plan view, the shortest straight path between the substratepotential supply terminal and the low voltage system circuit block doesnot intersect the high voltage system circuit block, and the shorteststraight path between the substrate potential supply terminal and thehigh voltage system circuit block does not intersect the low voltagesystem circuit block.

In this case, it is possible to prevent noise from coming in through thesemiconductor substrate to the low voltage system circuit block from thehigh voltage system circuit block which includes the gate driver thatbecomes a source of noise, by using one substrate potential supplyterminal. Accordingly, the modulation portion can generate a modulationsignal which has excellent accuracy. Therefore, since it is possible tocontrol the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element with highaccuracy, it is possible to realize a head unit in which the dischargeaccuracy of liquid can be improved.

Application Example 8

According to this application example, there is provided a capacitiveload driving circuit including: a low voltage system circuit blockincluding a modulation portion which generates a modulation signalpulse-modulated from a source signal; a high voltage system circuitblock including a gate driver which generates an amplification controlsignal based on the modulation signal; a transistor which generates anamplification modulation signal amplified from the modulation signalbased on the amplification control signal; and a low pass filter whichdemodulates the amplification modulation signal, generates a drivingsignal, and outputs the driving signal to a capacitive load, in whichthe low voltage system circuit block and the high voltage system circuitblock are formed on the same semiconductor substrate, in which thesemiconductor substrate has one substrate potential supply terminal towhich a substrate potential of the semiconductor substrate is supplied,and in which, in a plan view, the shortest straight path between thesubstrate potential supply terminal and the low voltage system circuitblock does not intersect the high voltage system circuit block, and theshortest straight path between the substrate potential supply terminaland the high voltage system circuit block does not intersect the lowvoltage system circuit block.

In this case, it is possible to prevent noise from coming in through thesemiconductor substrate to the low voltage system circuit block from thehigh voltage system circuit block which includes the gate driver thatbecomes a source of noise, by using one substrate potential supplyterminal. Accordingly, the modulation portion can generate a modulationsignal which has excellent accuracy. Therefore, it is possible torealize a capacitive load driving circuit in which the voltage appliedto a capacitive load can be controlled with high accuracy.

Application Example 9

According to this application example, there is provided an integratedcircuit device for capacitive load driving including: a low voltagesystem circuit block including a modulation portion which generates amodulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; and a highvoltage system circuit block including a gate driver which generates andoutputs an amplification control signal to an output circuit that drivesa capacitive load based on the modulation signal, in which the lowvoltage system circuit block and the high voltage system circuit blockare formed on the same semiconductor substrate, in which thesemiconductor substrate has one substrate potential supply terminal towhich a substrate potential of the semiconductor substrate is supplied,and in which, in a plan view, the shortest straight path between thesubstrate potential supply terminal and the low voltage system circuitblock does not intersect the high voltage system circuit block, and theshortest straight path between the substrate potential supply terminaland the high voltage system circuit block does not intersect the lowvoltage system circuit block.

In this case, it is possible to prevent noise from coming in through thesemiconductor substrate to the low voltage system circuit block from thehigh voltage system circuit block which includes the gate driver thatbecomes a source of noise, by using one substrate potential supplyterminal. Accordingly, the modulation portion can generate a modulationsignal which has excellent accuracy. Therefore, it is possible torealize an integrated circuit device for capacitive load driving inwhich the voltage applied to the capacitive load can be controlled withhigh accuracy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements.

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a schematic configuration of a liquiddischarging apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the liquiddischarging apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a configuration of a discharging portionin a head unit.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are views illustrating a nozzle arrangement in the headunit.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an operation of a selection controlportion in the head unit.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a configuration of the selection controlportion in the head unit.

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating decoding contents of a decoder in the headunit.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a configuration of a selection portion inthe head unit.

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a driving signal selected by the selectionportion.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a circuit configuration of a drivingcircuit (capacitive load driving circuit).

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating an operation of the driving circuit.

FIG. 12 is a plan view schematically illustrating an example of a layoutconfiguration of an integrated circuit device.

FIG. 13A is a sectional view schematically illustrating a structure ofthe integrated circuit device.

FIG. 13B is a circuit diagram schematically illustrating the integratedcircuit device.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, an appropriate embodiment of the invention will bedescribed in detail by using the drawings. The drawings used are forconvenience of the description. In addition, the embodiment which willbe described hereinafter does not inappropriately limit the contents ofthe invention described within the range of the patent claims. All ofthe configurations which will be described hereinafter are notnecessarily essential configuration requirements of the invention.

1. Outline of Liquid Discharging Apparatus

A printing apparatus which is an example of a liquid dischargingapparatus according to the embodiment is an ink jet printer which formsan ink dot group on a printing medium, such as a paper sheet bydischarging ink in accordance with image data supplied from an externalhost computer, and accordingly, prints an image (including characters orfigures) which corresponds to the image data.

Examples of the liquid discharging apparatus include a printingapparatus, such as a printer, a color material discharging apparatuswhich is used in manufacturing a color filter, such as a liquid crystaldisplay, an electrode material discharging apparatus which is used informing an electrode, such as an organic EL display or a field emissiondisplay (FED), and a bio organic material discharging apparatus which isused in manufacturing a bio chip.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration ofthe inside of a liquid discharging apparatus 1. As illustrated in FIG.1, the liquid discharging apparatus 1 includes a moving mechanism 3which makes a moving body 2 move (reciprocate) in a main scanningdirection.

The moving mechanism 3 includes a carriage motor 31 which is a drivingsource of the moving body 2, a carriage guide shaft 32 of which bothends are fixed, and a timing belt 33 which extends substantiallyparallel to the carriage guide shaft 32 and is driven by the carriagemotor 31.

A carriage 24 of the moving body 2 is supported to freely reciprocate bythe carriage guide shaft 32, and fixed to a part of the timing belt 33.For this reason, when the carriage motor 31 makes the timing belt 33normally/reversely travel, the moving body 2 is guided to the carriageguide shaft 32 and reciprocates.

In addition, in the moving body 2, a head unit 20 is provided at a partthat opposes a printing medium P. As will be described later, the headunit 20 is for discharging ink droplets (liquid droplets) from multiplenozzles, and various types of control signals are supplied thereto via aflexible cable 190.

The liquid discharging apparatus 1 includes a transporting mechanism 4which transports the printing medium P on a platen 40 in an auxiliaryscanning direction. The transporting mechanism 4 includes a transportingmotor 41 which is a driving source, and a transporting roller 42 whichrotates by the transporting motor 41 and transports the printing mediumP in the auxiliary scanning direction.

At a timing when the printing medium P is transported by thetransporting mechanism 4, as the head unit 20 discharges the inkdroplets onto the printing medium P, an image is formed on a frontsurface of the printing medium P.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical configuration ofthe liquid discharging apparatus 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, in the liquid discharging apparatus 1, acontrol unit 10 and the head unit 20 are connected to each other via theflexible cable 190.

The control unit 10 includes a control portion 100, the carriage motor31, a carriage motor driver 35, the transporting motor 41, atransporting motor driver 45, a driving circuit 50-a, and a drivingcircuit 50-b. Among these, the control portion 100 outputs various typesof control signals for controlling each portion when the image data issupplied from the host computer.

Specifically, firstly, the control portion 100 supplies a control signalCtr1 to the carriage motor driver 35, and the carriage motor driver 35drives the carriage motor 31 in accordance with the control signal Ctr1.Accordingly, the movement in the main scanning direction in the carriage24 is controlled.

Secondly, the control portion 100 supplies a control signal Ctr2 to thetransporting motor driver 45, and the transporting motor driver 45drives the transporting motor 41 in accordance with the control signalCtr2. Accordingly, the movement in the auxiliary scanning direction bythe transporting mechanism 4 is controlled.

Thirdly, the control portion 100 supplies digital data dA to one drivingcircuit 50-a and supplies digital data dB to the other driving circuit50-b, among the two driving circuits 50-a and 50-b. Here, the data dAregulates a waveform of a driving signal COM-A and the data dB regulatesa waveform of a driving signal COM-B, among driving signals supplied tothe head unit 20.

In addition, as will be described in detail later, the driving circuit50-a supplies the driving signal COM-A amplified by a class-D amplifierto the head unit 20 after the data dA is analog-converted. Similarly,the driving circuit 50-b supplies the driving signal COM-B amplified bythe class-D amplifier to the head unit 20 after the data dB isanalog-converted. In addition, in the driving circuits 50-a and 50-b,only the data to be input and the driving signal to be output aredifferent, and the configuration from the viewpoint of the circuit isthe same as will be described later. For this reason, when it is notnecessary to specify the driving circuits 50-a and 50-b (for example,when describing FIG. 10 later), the reference numeral after “-” will beomitted, and simply “50” will be used in the description.

Fourthly, the control portion 100 supplies a clock signal Sck, a datasignal Data, and control signals LAT and CH, to the head unit 20.

In the head unit 20, a plurality of groups including a selection controlportion 210, a selection portion 230, and a piezoelectric element (piezoelement) 60, are provided. In addition, as will be described later, thehead unit 20 may include the driving circuits 50-a and 50-b.

The selection control portion 210 instructs each of the selectionportions 230 to select or to not select any of the driving signals COM-Aand COM-B (or to select none of the signals) by the control signal orthe like supplied from the control portion 100, and the selectionportion 230 selects the driving signals COM-A and COM-B and supplies thedriving signals to each one end of the piezoelectric elements 60following the instruction of the selection control portion 210. Inaddition, in FIG. 2, a voltage of the driving signal is expressed asVout. A voltage VBS is commonly applied to each of the other ends of thepiezoelectric elements 60.

The piezoelectric element 60 is displaced as the driving signal isapplied. The piezoelectric elements 60 are provided corresponding toeach of a plurality of nozzles in the head unit 20. In addition, thepiezoelectric elements 60 are displaced in accordance with a differencebetween the voltage Vout and the voltage VBS of the driving signalselected by the selection portion 230, and discharge the ink. Next, aconfiguration for discharging the ink by the driving of thepiezoelectric element 60 will be simply described.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a schematic configuration whichcorresponds to one nozzle, in the head unit 20.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the head unit 20 includes the piezoelectricelement 60, a diaphragm 621, a cavity (pressure chamber) 631, areservoir 641, and a nozzle 651. Among these, the diaphragm 621functions as a diaphragm which is displaced (bending vibration) by thepiezoelectric element 60 provided on an upper surface in the drawing,and enlarges/reduces the internal volume of the cavity 631 which isfilled with the ink. The nozzle 651 is an opening portion which isprovided on a nozzle plate 632 and communicates with the cavity 631. Thecavity 631 is filled with the liquid (for example, the ink), and theinternal volume thereof changes by the displacement of the piezoelectricelement 60. The nozzle 651 communicates with the cavity 631, anddischarges the liquid inside the cavity 631 as the liquid droplets inaccordance with the change in the internal volume of the cavity 631.

The piezoelectric element 60 illustrated in FIG. 3 has a structure inwhich a piezoelectric body 601 is nipped by one pair of electrodes 611and 612. In a case of the piezoelectric body 601 having such astructure, in accordance with the voltage applied by the electrodes 611and 612, a center part in FIG. 3 bends in a vertical direction withrespect to both end parts together with the electrodes 611 and 612, andthe diaphragm 621. Specifically, when the voltage Vout of the drivingsignal increases, the piezoelectric element 60 bends upwardly, and whenthe voltage Vout decreases, the piezoelectric element 60 bendsdownwardly. In this configuration, the ink is drawn out of the reservoir641 when the piezoelectric element 60 bends upwardly since the internalvolume of the cavity 631 is enlarged. Meanwhile, when the piezoelectricelement 60 bends downwardly, the internal volume of the cavity 631 isreduced, and thus, the ink is discharged from the nozzle 651 accordingto the level of the reduction of the volume.

In addition, the piezoelectric element 60 is not limited to theillustrated structure, and may be a type which can discharge the liquid,such as the ink, by deforming the piezoelectric element 60. In addition,the piezoelectric element 60 may be configured to use so-calledlongitudinal vibration, not being limited to the bending vibration.

In addition, the piezoelectric element 60 is provided corresponding tothe cavity 631 and the nozzle 651 in the head unit 20, and thepiezoelectric element 60 is provided corresponding to the selectionportion 230 in FIG. 1. For this reason, a set of the piezoelectricelement 60, the cavity 631, the nozzle 651, and the selection portion230 is provided in every nozzle 651.

FIG. 4A is a view illustrating an example of arrangement of the nozzles651.

As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the nozzles 651 are arranged as follows intwo rows, for example. Specifically, while the plurality of nozzles 651are disposed at a pitch Pv along the auxiliary scanning direction whenonly one row is viewed, the nozzles 651 have a relationship of beingseparated by a pitch Ph in the main scanning direction and being shiftedonly by half of the pitch Pv in the auxiliary scanning direction betweenthe two rows.

In addition, in the nozzles 651, when color printing is performed,patterns which correspond to each color, such as cyan (C), magenta (M),yellow (Y), and black (K), are provided along the main scanningdirection, for example. However, in the following description, forsimplification, a case where gradation is expressed in a single colorwill be described.

FIG. 4B is a view illustrating a basic resolution of image formingaccording to the nozzle arrangement illustrated in FIG. 4A. In addition,FIG. 4B is for simplifying the description, and is an example of amethod (first method) for forming one dot by discharging the ink dropletone time from the nozzle 651. Black circles illustrate the dots formedas the ink droplets land.

When the head unit 20 moves at a speed v in the main scanning direction,as illustrated in FIG. 4B, an interval D (in the main scanningdirection) between the dots, formed by the landing of the ink droplets,and the speed v have the following relationship.

In other words, when one dot is formed by one discharge of the inkdroplet, the dot interval D is a value (=v/f) which is obtained bydividing the speed v by the discharge frequency f of the ink, that is,the distance by which the head unit 20 moves in a cycle (1/f) duringwhich the ink droplets are repeatedly discharged.

In addition, in the examples of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the pitch Ph has arelationship proportional to the dot interval D by a coefficient n, andthe ink droplets discharged from the two rows of the nozzles 651 land tobe gathered in the same row on the printing medium P. For this reason,as illustrated in FIG. 4B, the dot interval in the auxiliary scanningdirection is half of the dot interval in the main scanning direction. Itis needless to say that the dot arrangement is not limited to theillustrated example.

However, in order to realize high speed printing, simply, the speed v atwhich the head unit 20 moves in the main scanning direction may beincreased. However, simply by increasing the speed v, the dot interval Dbecomes longer. For this reason, in order to realize high speed printingafter ensuring a certain level of resolution, it is necessary toincrease the discharge frequency f of the ink, and to increase thenumber of formed dots per unit time.

In addition to the printing speed, in order to improve resolution, thenumber of formed dots per unit area may be increased. However, in a casewhere the number of dots is increased, when the amount of the ink is notsmall, the adjacent dots are combined with each other, and when thedischarge frequency f of the ink is not increased, the printing speeddeteriorates.

In this manner, in order to realize the high speed printing and the highresolution printing, it is necessary to increase the discharge frequencyf of the ink as described above.

Meanwhile, as a method for forming the dots on the printing medium P, inaddition to the method for forming one dot by discharging the inkdroplet one time, a method (second method) for forming one dot by makingit possible to discharge the ink droplets two or more times in a unitperiod, making one or more ink droplets discharged in the unit periodland, and combining one or more landed ink droplets, or a method (thirdmethod) for forming two or more dots without combining two or more inkdroplets, is employed. In the following description, a case where thedot is formed by the second method will be described.

In the embodiment, a second method will be described as an example asfollows. In other words, in the embodiment, regarding one dot, bydischarging the ink maximum two times, four gradations, such as a largedot, an intermediate dot, a small dot, and non-recording, are expressed.In order to express the four gradations, in the embodiment, two types ofdriving signals COM-A and COM-B are prepared, and each of the drivingsignals has a first-half pattern and a second-half pattern in one cycle.In one cycle, the driving signals COM-A and COM-B in the first-halfpattern and the second-half pattern are selected corresponding to thegradation to be expressed (or not selected), and supplied to thepiezoelectric element 60.

Here, the driving signals COM-A and COM-B will be described, and then, aconfiguration for selecting the driving signals COM-A and COM-B will bedescribed. In addition, each of the driving signals COM-A and COM-B isgenerated by the driving circuit 50, but for convenience, the drivingcircuit 50 will be described after describing the configuration forselecting the driving signals COM-A and COM-B.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating waveforms or the like of the drivingsignals COM-A and COM-B.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the driving signal COM-A is a waveform inwhich a trapezoidal waveform Adp1 which is in a period T1 from theoutput (rising) of the control signal LAT to the output of the controlsignal CH in a cycle Ta, and a trapezoidal waveform Adp2 which is in aperiod T2 from the output of the control signal CH to the output of thefollowing control signal LAT in the cycle Ta, are continuous.

The trapezoidal waveforms Adp1 and Adp2 in the embodiment havesubstantially the same shape as each other, and if each of thetrapezoidal waveforms is supplied to one end of the piezoelectricelement 60, each of the trapezoidal waveforms discharges a predeterminedamount, specifically, an approximately intermediate amount of ink fromthe nozzle 651 corresponding to the piezoelectric element 60.

The driving signal COM-B is a waveform in which a trapezoidal waveformBdp1 disposed in a period T1 and a trapezoidal waveform Bdp2 disposed ina period T2 are continuous. The trapezoidal waveforms Bdp1 and Bdp2 inthe embodiment are waveforms different from each other. Among these, thetrapezoidal waveform Bdp1 is a wave for preventing the viscosity of theink from increasing by micro-vibrating the ink in the vicinity of theopening portion of the nozzle 651. For this reason, even if thetrapezoidal waveform Bdp1 is supplied to one end of the piezoelectricelement 60, the ink droplets are not discharged from the nozzle 651corresponding to the piezoelectric element 60. In addition, thetrapezoidal waveform Bdp2 is a waveform different from the trapezoidalwaveform Adp1 (Adp2). If the trapezoidal waveform Bdp2 is supplied toone end of the piezoelectric element 60, the trapezoidal waveform Bdp2discharges a smaller amount of ink than the predetermined amount fromthe nozzle 651 corresponding to the piezoelectric element 60.

In addition, any of a voltage at an initiation timing of the trapezoidalwaveforms Adp1, Adp2, Bdp1, and Bdp2, and a voltage at a terminationtiming, is a common voltage Vc. In other words, each of the trapezoidalwaveforms Adp1, Adp2, Bdp1, and Bdp2 is a waveform which is initiated atthe voltage Vc and terminated at the voltage Vc.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a configuration of the selection controlportion 210 in FIG. 2.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the clock signal Sck, the data signal Data,and the control signals LAT and CH are supplied from the control unit 10to the selection control portion 210. In the selection control portion210, a group of a shift register (S/R) 212, a latch circuit 214, and adecoder 216 is provided corresponding to each of the piezoelectricelements 60 (nozzles 651).

When forming one dot of the image, the data signal Data regulates thesize of the dot. In the embodiment, in order to express four gradations,such as non-recording, a small dot, an intermediate dot, and a largedot, the data signal Data is configured of 2 bits including a high-orderbit (MSB) and a low-order bit (LSB).

The data signal Data is serially supplied from the control portion 100in accordance with main scanning of the head unit 20 to each nozzlebeing synchronized with the clock signal Sck. A configuration forholding the data signal Data which is serially supplied by 2 bitscorresponding to the nozzle is the shift register 212.

Specifically, the shift registers 212 in which the number of stagescorresponds to the piezoelectric elements (nozzles) are continuouslyconnected to each other, and the data signal Data which is seriallysupplied is transferred to the following stage in accordance with theclock signal Sck.

In addition, when the number of piezoelectric elements 60 is m (m is aplural number), in order to distinguish the shift registers 212, thestages are written as a first stage, a second stage, . . . , an m stagein order from an upstream side in which the data signal Data issupplied.

The latch circuit 214 latches the data signal Data held by the shiftregister 212 at the rise of the control signal LAT.

The decoder 216 decodes the 2-bit data signal Data which is latched bythe latch circuit 214, outputs selected signals Sa and Sb in each of theperiods T1 and T2 according to the regulation of the control signal LATand the control signal CH, and regulates the selection by the selectionportion 230.

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating decoding contents in the decoder 216.

In FIG. 7, the latched 2-bit data signal Data is written as (MSB, LSB).A case where the latched data signal Data is (0, 1), for example, meansthat the decoder 216 performs the output by setting each of logic levelsof the selected signals Sa and Sb to be at the H and L levels in theperiod T1, and to be at L and H levels in the period T2.

In addition, the logic levels of the selected signals Sa and Sb arelevel-shifted to a high amplitude logic by a level shifter (notillustrated) from the logic levels of the clock signal Sck, the datasignal Data, and the control signals LAT and CH.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a configuration of the selection portion230 corresponding to one piezoelectric element 60 (nozzle 651) in FIG.2.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the selection portion 230 includes inverters(NOT circuits) 232 a and 232 b, and transfer gates 234 a and 234 b.

While the selected signal Sa from the decoder 216 is supplied to apositive control end to which the circle is not attached in the transfergate 234 a, the selected signal Sa is logic-inverted by the inverter 232a and supplied to a negative control end to which the circle is attachedin the transfer gate 234 a. Similarly, while the selected signal Sb issupplied to a positive control end of the transfer gate 234 b, theselected signal Sb is logic-inverted by the inverter 232 b and suppliedto a negative control end of the transfer gate 234 b.

The driving signal COM-A is supplied to an input end of the transfergate 234 a, and the driving signal COM-B is supplied to an input end ofthe transfer gate 234 b. Both output ends of the transfer gates 234 aand 234 b are commonly connected to each other, and connected to one endof the corresponding piezoelectric element 60.

If the selected signal Sa is at the H level, the transfer gate 234 a isconducted (ON) between the input end and the output end, and if theselected signal Sa is at the L level, the transfer gate 234 a isnon-conducted (OFF) between the input end and the output end. Similarly,the transfer gate 234 b is turned ON and OFF between the input end andthe output end corresponding to the selected signal Sb.

Next, operations of the selection control portion 210 and the selectionportion 230 will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

The data signal Data is synchronized with the clock signal Sck andserially supplied in each nozzle from the control portion 100, andtransferred in order in the shift register 212 corresponding to thenozzle. In addition, when the control portion 100 stops the supply ofthe clock signal Sck, the data signal Data which corresponds to thenozzle are held in each of the shift registers 212. In addition, thedata signal Data is supplied in order which corresponds to the nozzleson the final m stage, . . . , the second stage, and the first stage in ashift register 222.

Here, when the control signal LAT rises, each of the latch circuits 214simultaneously latches the data signal Data held in the shift register212. In FIG. 5, L1, L2, Lm illustrate the data signal Data which islatched by the latch circuit 214 corresponding to the shift register 212on the first stage, the second stage, and the m stage.

The decoder 216 outputs the logic levels of the selected signals Sa andSb as the contents illustrated in FIG. 7 in each of the periods T1 andT2 in accordance with the size of the dots regulated by the latched datasignal Data.

In other words, firstly, when the data signal Data is (1, 1) andregulates the size of the large dot, the decoder 216 sets the selectedsignals Sa and Sb to the H and L levels in the period T1, and to the Hand L levels even in the period T2. Secondly, when the data signal Datais (0, 1) and regulates the size of the intermediate dot, the decoder216 sets the selected signals Sa and Sb to the H and L levels in theperiod T1, and to the L and H levels in the period T2. Thirdly, when thedata signal Data is (1, 0) and regulates the size of the small dot, thedecoder 216 sets the selected signals Sa and Sb to the L and L levels inthe period T1, and to the L and H levels in the period T2. Fourthly,when the data signal Data is (0, 0) and regulates non-recording, thedecoder 216 sets the selected signals Sa and Sb to the L and H levels inthe period T1, and to the L and L levels in the period T2.

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a piezoelectric waveform of the drivingsignal selected in accordance with the data signal Data and supplied toone end of the piezoelectric element 60.

When the data signal Data is (1, 1), since the selected signals Sa andSb become the H and L levels in the period T1, the transfer gate 234 abecomes ON and the transfer gate 234 b becomes OFF. For this reason, thetrapezoidal waveform Adp1 of the driving signal COM-A is selected in theperiod T1. Since the selected signals Sa and Sb become the H and Llevels even in the period T2, the selection portion 230 selects thetrapezoidal waveform Adp2 of the driving signal COM-A.

In this manner, when the trapezoidal waveform Adp1 is selected in theperiod T1, the trapezoidal waveform Adp2 is selected in the period T2,and the waveforms are supplied to one end of the piezoelectric element60 as the driving signal, an approximately intermediate amount of ink isdischarged being divided into 2 times from the nozzle 651 whichcorresponds to the piezoelectric element 60. For this reason, each dropof ink lands and is integrated as one drop on the printing medium P, andconsequentially, the large dot according to the regulation of the datasignal Data is formed.

When the data signal Data is (0, 1), since the selected signals Sa andSb become the H and L levels in the period T1, the transfer gate 234 abecomes ON and the transfer gate 234 b becomes OFF. For this reason, thetrapezoidal waveform Adp1 of the driving signal COM-A is selected in theperiod T1. Then, since the selected signals Sa and Sb become the L and Hlevels in the period T2, the trapezoidal waveform Bdp2 of the drivingsignal COM-B is selected.

Therefore, an intermediate amount and a small amount of ink aredischarged being divided into 2 times from the nozzle. For this reason,each drop of ink lands and is integrated as one drop on the printingmedium P, and consequentially, the intermediate dot according to theregulation of the data signal Data is formed.

When the data signal Data is (1, 0), since the selected signals Sa andSb become the L level in the period T1, the transfer gates 234 a and 234b become ON. For this reason, none of the trapezoidal waveforms Adp1 andBdp1 is selected in the period T1. When both the transfer gates 234 aand 234 b are OFF, a route from a connection point between the outputends of the transfer gates 234 a and 234 b to one end of thepiezoelectric element 60 becomes a high impedance state of not beingelectrically connected to any part. However, the piezoelectric element60 holds a voltage (Vc-VBS) immediately before the transfer gates 234 aand 234 b become OFF due to capacitive characteristics thereof.

Next, since the selected signals Sa and Sb become the L and H levels inthe period T2, the trapezoidal waveform Bdp2 of the driving signal COM-Bis selected. For this reason, since an approximately small amount of inkis discharged from the nozzle 651 only in the period T2, the small dotaccording to the regulation of the data signal Data is formed on theprinting medium P.

When the data signal Data is (0, 0), since the selected signals Sa andSb become the L and H levels in the period T1, the transfer gate 234 abecomes OFF and the transfer gate 234 b becomes ON. For this reason, thetrapezoidal waveform Bdp1 of the driving signal COM-B is selected in theperiod T1. Then, since both the selected signals Sa and Sb become the Llevel in the period T2, none of the trapezoidal waveforms Adp2 and Bdp2is selected.

For this reason, since the ink in the vicinity of the opening portion ofthe nozzle 651 only micro-vibrates in the period T1 and the ink is notdischarged, consequentially, the dot is not formed, that is,non-recording according to the regulation of the data signal Data isperformed.

In this manner, the selection portion 230 selects (or does not select)the driving signals COM-A and COM-B following the instruction by theselection control portion 210, and supplies the driving signals to oneend of the piezoelectric element 60. For this reason, each piezoelectricelement 60 is driven in accordance with the size of the dots regulatedby the data signal Data.

In addition, the driving signals COM-A and COM-B illustrated in FIG. 5are merely examples. In reality, in accordance with a moving speed ofthe head unit 20 or properties of the printing medium P, combination ofvarious waveforms prepared in advance is used.

In addition, here, the piezoelectric element 60 is described in anexample in which the piezoelectric element 60 bends upwardly accordingto the rise of the voltage, but when the voltage supplied to theelectrodes 611 and 612 is reversed, the piezoelectric element 60 bendsdownwardly according to the rise of the voltage. For this reason, in aconfiguration in which the piezoelectric element 60 bends downwardaccording to the rise of the voltage, the driving signals COM-A andCOM-B illustrated in FIG. 9 become waveforms reversed in accordance withthe voltage Vc.

In this manner, in the embodiment, one dot is formed by considering thecycle Ta which is a unit period as a unit period on the printing mediumP. For this reason, in the embodiment in which one dot is formed by(maximum) 2 times of the discharges of the ink droplets in the cycle Ta,the discharge frequency f of the ink becomes 2/Ta, and the dot intervalD becomes a value which is obtained by dividing the speed v at which thehead unit 20 moves by the discharge frequency f (=2/Ta) of the ink.

In general, when the ink droplets can be discharged Q (Q is an integerwhich is equal to or greater than 2) times in a unit period T, and onedot is formed by Q times of the discharges of the ink droplets, thedischarge frequency f of the ink can be expressed as Q/T.

As described in the embodiment, in a case where dots having differentsizes are formed on the printing medium P, it is necessary to shortenthe time for one time of discharge of the ink droplet even when the time(cycle) for forming one dot is the same, compared to a case where onedot is formed by one time of discharge of the ink droplet.

In addition, specific description of the third method for forming two ormore dots without combining two or more ink droplets is not necessary.

2. Circuit Configuration of Driving Circuit

Next, the driving circuits 50-a and 50-b will be described. Among these,when summarizing one driving circuit 50-a, the driving signal COM-A isgenerated as follows. In other words, firstly, the driving circuit 50-aanalog-converts the data dA supplied from the control portion 100,secondly, the driving circuit 50-a sends back the driving signal COM-Aof the output, corrects a deviation between a signal (attenuationsignal) and a target signal based on the driving signal COM-A by a highfrequency component of the driving signal COM-A, and generates themodulation signal according to the corrected signal, thirdly, thedriving circuit 50-a generates an amplification modulation signal byswitching the transistor according to the modulation signal, andfourthly, the driving circuit 50-a smooths (demodulates) theamplification modulation signal by a low pass filter, and outputs thesmoothed signal as the driving signal COM-A.

The other driving circuit 50-b also has a similar configuration, and isdifferent only in that the driving signal COM-B is output from the datadB. Here, in the following FIG. 10, a driving circuit 50 will bedescribed without distinguishing the driving circuits 50-a and 50-b.

However, the input data and output driving signal are written as dA (dB)or COM-A (COM-B). The driving circuit 50-a illustrates that the data dAis input and the driving signal COM-A is output, and the driving circuit50-b illustrates that the data dB is input and the driving signal COM-Bis output.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a circuit configuration of the drivingcircuit (capacitive load driving circuit) 50.

In addition, in FIG. 10, a configuration for outputting the drivingsignal COM-A is illustrated, but in reality, in an integrated circuitdevice 500, a circuit which generates both the driving signals COM-A andCOM-B of two systems is in one package.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, the driving circuit 50 is configured ofvarious elements, such as a resistor or a capacitor, in addition to theintegrated circuit device (integrated circuit device for capacitive loaddriving) 500 and an output circuit 550.

The driving circuit 50 in the embodiment includes a low voltage systemcircuit block 535 which includes a modulation portion 510 that generatesa modulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; a high voltagesystem circuit block 531 which includes a gate driver 520 that generatesan amplification control signal based on the modulation signal; atransistor (a first transistor M1 and a second transistor M2) whichgenerates an amplification modulation signal amplified from themodulation signal based on the amplification control signal; and a lowpass filter 560 which demodulates the amplification modulation signaland generates a driving signal.

The integrated circuit device 500 in the embodiment includes the lowvoltage system circuit block 535 and the high voltage system circuitblock 531. The low voltage system circuit block 535 and the high voltagesystem circuit block 531 are formed on the same semiconductor substrate.

In the embodiment, the low voltage system circuit block 535 is a circuitdiagram in which an operation voltage is equal to or less than 5 V, andis a circuit block in which the operation voltage is approximately 3 Vto 5 V in a typical example. The high voltage system circuit block 531is a circuit block in which the operation voltage is greater than 5 V.

In the embodiment, the low voltage system circuit block 535 includes themodulation portion 510, a source signal generation portion (DAC 511which will be described later), and a power source portion (a secondpower source portion 534 which will be described later).

In the embodiment, the high voltage system circuit block 531 includes agate driver (a first gate driver 521 and a second gate driver 522) and aboosting circuit 540, which will be described later. In addition, as thehigh voltage system circuit block 531, it is also possible to employ aconfiguration in which only the gate driver is provided.

Based on the 10-bit data dA input from the control portion 100 viaterminals DO to D9, the integrated circuit device 500 outputs gatesignals (amplification control signals) to each of the first transistorM1 and the second transistor M2. For this reason, the integrated circuitdevice 500 includes a digital to analog converter (DAC) 511, an adder512, an adder 513, a comparator 514, an integration attenuator 516, anattenuator 517, an inverter 515, a first gate driver 521, a second gatedriver 522, a first power source portion 530, the second power sourceportion 534, and the boosting circuit 540.

The DAC 511 converts the data dA which regulates the waveform of thedriving signal COM-A into an analog signal Aa, and supplies the signalto the input end (+) of the adder 512. In addition, a voltage amplitudeof the analog signal Aa is, for example, 0 V to 2 V, and the voltageamplified approximately 20 times higher becomes the driving signalCOM-A. In other words, the analog signal Aa is a signal to be a targetbefore the amplification of the driving signal COM-A. In the embodiment,the analog signal Aa corresponds to the source signal, and the DAC 511corresponds to the source signal generation portion.

The integration attenuator 516 attenuates a voltage of a terminal Outinput via a feedback circuit 590 and a feedback terminal Vfb, that is,the driving signal COM-A, integrates the voltage, and supplies thevoltage to the input end (−) of the adder 512.

The adder 512 supplies a signal Ab of a voltage integrated bysubtracting the voltage of the input end (−) from the voltage of theinput end (+), to the input end (+) of the adder 513.

In addition, a power source voltage of a circuit which reaches theinverter 515 from the DAC 511 is 3.3 V (voltage Vdd) having a lowamplitude. For this reason, while the voltage of the analog signal Aa isapproximately maximum 2 V, there is a case where the voltage of thedriving signal COM-A exceeds maximum 40 V. Therefore, in order to matchamplitude ranges of both voltages when acquiring the deviation, thevoltage of the driving signal COM-A is attenuated by the integrationattenuator 516.

The attenuator 517 attenuates a high frequency component of the drivingsignal COM-A input via the feedback circuit 590 and a feedback terminalIfb, and supplies the component to the input end (−) of the adder 513.The adder 513 supplies a signal As of the voltage which is obtained bysubtracting the voltage of the input end (−) from the voltage of theinput end (+) to the comparator 514. The attenuation by the attenuator517 is for matching the amplitude when sending back the driving signalCOM-A, similarly to the integration attenuator 516.

The voltage of the signal As output from the adder 513 is a voltagewhich is obtained by deducting the attenuated voltage of the signalsupplied to the feedback terminal Vfb and subtracting the attenuatedvoltage of the signal supplied to the feedback terminal Ifb, from thevoltage of the analog signal Aa. For this reason, the voltage of thesignal As by the adder 513 can be a signal which is obtained bycorrecting a deviation obtained by deducting the attenuated voltage ofthe driving signal COM-A output from the terminal Out, from the voltageof the analog signal Aa which is a target, by the high frequencycomponent of the driving signal COM-A.

The comparator 514 outputs a modulation signal Ms pulse-modulated asfollows based on the voltage attenuated by the adder 513. Specifically,the comparator 514 outputs the modulation signal Ms which becomes the Hlevel when the voltage becomes equal to or greater than a voltagethreshold value Vth1 if the voltage of the signal As output from theadder 513 is rising, and becomes the L level when the voltage is lowerthan a voltage threshold value Vth2 if the voltage of the signal As islowering. In addition, as will be described later, the voltage thresholdvalues are set to have a relationship of Vth1>Vth2.

The modulation signal Ms by the comparator 514 is supplied to the secondgate driver 522 through the logic inversion by the inverter 515.Meanwhile, the modulation signal Ms is supplied to the first gate driver521 without the logic inversion. For this reason, the logic levelssupplied to the first gate driver 521 and the second gate driver 522have an exclusive relationship from each other.

In reality, the timing of the logic levels supplied to the first gatedriver 521 and the second gate driver 522 may be controlled so that bothlogic levels do not become the H level at the same time (so that thefirst transistor M1 and the second transistor M2 do not become ON at thesame time). For this reason, strictly speaking, the exclusiverelationship described here means that both logic levels do not becomethe H level at the same time (the first transistor M1 and the secondtransistor M2 do not become ON at the same time).

However, the modulation signal described here is the modulation signalMs in a narrow sense, but when considering that the modulation signal isa signal pulse-modulated in accordance with the analog signal Aa, anegative signal of the modulation signal Ms is also included in themodulation signal. In other words, the modulation signal pulse-modulatedin accordance with the analog signal Aa includes not only the modulationsignal Ms, but also the signal in which the logic level of themodulation signal Ms is inverted or the signal in which the timing iscontrolled.

In addition, since the comparator 514 outputs the modulation signal Ms,the circuit which reaches the comparator 514 or the inverter 515, thatis, the DAC 511, the adder 512, the adder 513, the comparator 514, theinverter 515, the integration attenuator 516, and the attenuator 517correspond to the modulation portion 510 which generates the modulationsignal.

In addition, in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 10, the digitaldata dA is converted into the analog signal Aa by the DAC 511, but, forexample, the analog signal Aa from an external circuit may be suppliedfollowing the instruction by the control portion 100, not via the DAC511. In both cases of the data dA and the analog signal Aa, since thetarget value when generating the waveform of the driving signal COM-A isregulated, there is no change in that the signal is the source signal.

The first gate driver 521 level-shifts a low logic amplitude which is anoutput signal of the comparator 514 to a high logic amplitude, andoutputs the high logic amplitude from a terminal Hdr. In the powersource voltage of the first gate driver 521, a high-order side is avoltage applied via a terminal Bst, and a low-order side is a voltageapplied via a terminal Sw. The terminal Sw is connected to a sourceelectrode in the first transistor M1, a drain electrode in the secondtransistor M2, the other end of a capacitor C5, and one end of aninductor L1.

The second gate driver 522 is operated on a side having a lowerpotential than that of the first gate driver 521. The second gate driver522 level-shifts the low logic amplitude (L level: 0 V, H level: 3.3 V)which is an output signal of the inverter 515 to the high logicamplitude (for example, L level: 0 V, H level: 7.5 V), and outputs thehigh logic amplitude from a terminal Ldr. In the power source voltage ofthe second gate driver 522, a voltage Vm (for example, 7.5 V) is appliedas a high-order side, and a zero voltage is applied via a groundterminal Gnd as a low-order side. In other words, the ground terminalGnd is grounded. In addition, the terminal Gvd is connected to an anodeelectrode of the diode D10 for preventing a backflow, and a cathodeelectrode of the diode D10 is connected to one end of the capacitor C5and the terminal Bst.

The first transistor M1 and the second transistor M2 are, for example, Nchannel type field effect transistors (FET). Among these, in thehigh-side first transistor M1, a voltage Vh (for example, 42 V) isapplied to the drain electrode, and a gate electrode is connected to theterminal Hdr via a resistor R1. In the low-side second transistor M2, agate electrode is connected to the terminal Ldr via a resistor R2, and asource electrode is grounded.

The other end of the inductor L1 is the terminal Out which performs theoutput in the driving circuit 50, and the driving signal COM-A from theterminal Out is supplied to the head unit 20 via the flexible cable 190(refer to FIGS. 1 and 2).

The terminal Out is connected to each of one end of a capacitor C1, oneend of a capacitor C2, and one end of a resistor R3. Here, the other endof the capacitor C1 is grounded. For this reason, the inductor L1 andthe capacitor C1 function as low pass filters (LPF) which smooth theamplification modulation signal that appears at a connection pointbetween the first transistor M1 and the second transistor M2.

The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the feedback terminalVfb and one end of a resistor R4, and the voltage Vh is applied to theother end of the resistor R4. Accordingly, the driving signal COM-A fromthe terminal Out is pulled up and sent back to the feedback terminalVfb.

Meanwhile, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to one end ofa resistor R5 and one end of a resistor R6. Here, the other end of theresistor R5 is grounded. For this reason, the capacitor C2 and theresistor R5 function as high pass filters which allow the high frequencycomponent in which the frequency is equal to or higher than cutofffrequency to pass through, in the driving signal COM-A from the terminalOut. In addition, the cutoff frequency of the high pass filter is set toapproximately 9 MHz, for example.

In addition, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to one end ofa capacitor C4 and one end of a capacitor C3. Here, the other end of thecapacitor C3 is grounded. For this reason, the resistor R6 and thecapacitor C3 function as low pass filters which allow a low frequencycomponent in which the frequency is equal to or lower than the cutofffrequency to pass through, in a signal component that passes through thehigh pass filter. In addition, the cutoff frequency of the LPF is set toapproximately 160 MHz, for example.

Since the cutoff frequency of the high pass filter is set to be lowerthan the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter, the high pass filterand the low pass filter function as a band pass filter 570 which allowsthe high frequency component within a range of a predetermined frequencyto pass through, in the driving signal COM-A.

The other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the feedback terminalIfb of the integrated circuit device 500. Accordingly, among the highfrequency components of the driving signal COM-A which pass through theband pass filter 570, a DC component is cut and sent back to thefeedback terminal Ifb.

However, the driving signal COM-A output from the terminal Out is asignal which smooths the amplification modulation signal at theconnection point (terminal Sw) between the first transistor M1 and thesecond transistor M2 by using the low pass filter configured of theinductor L1 and the capacitor C1. Since the driving signal COM-A ispositively sent back to the adder 512 after being integrated andsubtracted via the feedback terminal Vfb, the feedback is delayed (a sumof a delay due to smoothing of the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 anda delay due to the integration attenuator 516), and self-excitedoscillation is performed at the frequency determined by the feedbacktransmission relationship.

However, since the amount of delay of a feedback path via the feedbackterminal Vfb is large, there is a case where it is not possible toincrease the frequency of the self-excited oscillation to be high enoughto make it possible to ensure sufficient accuracy of the driving signalCOM-A only by the feedback via the feedback terminal Vfb.

Here, in the embodiment, by providing a path for sending back the highfrequency component of the driving signal COM-A via the feedbackterminal Ifb in addition to the path via the feedback terminal Vfb, thedelay in the entire circuit is reduced. In other words, in theembodiment, the feedback circuit 590 sends back the signal in the highfrequency band of the driving signal as a feedback signal. For thisreason, the frequency of the signal As which is obtained by adding thehigh frequency component of the driving signal COM-A to the signal Abbecomes high enough to make it possible to ensure sufficient accuracy ofthe driving signal COM-A, compared to a case where the path via thefeedback terminal Ifb is not provided.

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating waveforms of the signal As and themodulation signal Ms in association with a waveform of the analog signalAa.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the signal As is a triangular waveform, andthe oscillation frequency thereof changes in accordance with the voltage(input voltage) of the analog signal Aa. Specifically, the oscillationfrequency becomes the highest when the input voltage is an intermediatevalue, and decreases as the input voltage increases or decreases fromthe intermediate value.

In addition, when the input voltage is close to the intermediate value,an inclination of the triangular waveform in the signal As becomessubstantially equivalent on upward (increasing of the voltage) anddownward (decreasing of the voltage) inclination. For this reason, aduty ratio of the modulation signal Ms which is a result of comparisonof the signal As with the voltage threshold values Vth1 and Vth2 by thecomparator 514 is substantially 50%. When the input voltage increasesfrom the intermediate value, the downward inclination of the signal Asbecomes gentle. For this reason, the period during which the modulationsignal Ms becomes the H level becomes relatively longer, and the dutyratio becomes larger. Meanwhile, as the input voltage decreases from theintermediate value, the upward inclination of the signal As becomesgentle. For this reason, the period during which the modulation signalMs becomes the H level becomes relatively shorter, and the duty ratiobecomes smaller.

For this reason, the modulation signal Ms becomes a pulse densitymodulation signal as follows. In other words, the duty ratio of themodulation signal Ms is substantially 50% when the input voltage is theintermediate value, increases as the input voltage becomes higher thanthe intermediate value, and decreases as the input voltage becomes lowerthan the intermediate value.

The first gate driver 521 makes the first transistor M1 ON/OFF based onthe modulation signal Ms. In other words, the first gate driver 521makes the first transistor M1 ON when the modulation signal Ms is the Hlevel, and makes the first transistor M1 OFF when the modulation signalMs is the L level. The second gate driver 522 makes the secondtransistor M2 ON/OFF based on a logic inversion signal of the modulationsignal Ms. In other words, the second gate driver 522 makes the secondtransistor M2 OFF when the modulation signal Ms is the H level, andmakes the second transistor M2 ON when the modulation signal Ms is the Llevel.

Therefore, since the voltage of the driving signal COM-A which isobtained by smoothing the amplification modulation signal by theinductor L1 and the capacitor C1 at the connection point between thefirst transistor M1 and the second transistor M2 becomes higher as theduty ratio of the modulation signal Ms becomes larger, and becomes loweras the duty ratio becomes smaller, consequentially, the driving signalCOM-A is controlled to be a signal obtained by enlarging the voltage ofthe analog signal Aa, and output.

Since the driving circuit 50 uses the pulse density modulation, thedriving circuit 50 has an advantage that a variation width of the dutyratio becomes larger compared to pulse width modulation in which themodulation frequency is fixed.

In other words, since the minimum positive pulse width and negativepulse width which can be handled in the entire circuit are restricted bycharacteristics of the circuit, only a predetermined range (for example,a range of 10% to 90%) can be ensured as the variation width of the dutyratio in the pulse width modulation in which the frequency is fixed. Incontrast to this, since the oscillation frequency decreases as the inputvoltage is separated from the intermediate value in the pulse densitymodulation, it is possible to increase the duty ratio much higher in aregion where the input voltage is high, and to reduce the duty ratiomuch lower in a region where the input voltage is low. For this reason,in the self-excited oscillation type pulse density modulation, it ispossible to ensure a much wider range (for example, a range of 5% to95%) as the variation range of the duty ratio.

In addition, the driving circuit 50 performs the self-excitedoscillation, and a circuit which generates a carrier wave of highfrequency is not necessary, unlike separately-excited oscillation. Forthis reason, there is an advantage that it is easy to performintegration at a part except for the circuit which handles the highfrequency, that is, a part of the integrated circuit device 500.

Additionally, in the driving circuit 50, since not only the path via thefeedback terminal Vfb, but also the path which sends back the highfrequency component via the feedback terminal Ifb is provided as afeedback path of the driving signal COM-A, the delay in the entirecircuit becomes smaller. For this reason, since the frequency of theself-excited oscillation becomes higher, the driving circuit 50 cangenerate the driving signal COM-A with high accuracy.

In the embodiment, the oscillation frequency of the modulation signalmay be 1 MHz to 8 MHz.

In the above-described liquid discharging apparatus 1, the drivingsignal is generated by smoothing the amplification modulation signal,the piezoelectric element 60 is displaced as the driving signal isapplied, and liquid is discharged from the nozzle 651. Here, when theliquid discharging apparatus 1 performs frequency spectrum analysis withrespect to the waveform of the driving signal for discharging smalldots, it is confirmed that the frequency component which is equal to orgreater than 50 kHz is included. In order to generate the driving signalwhich includes the frequency component which is equal to or greater than50 kHz, the frequency of the modulation signal (frequency of theself-excited oscillation) is required to be equal to or greater than 1MHz.

If the frequency is lower than 1 MHz, an edge of the waveform of thereproduced driving signal is blunt and round. In other words, an angleis rounded and the waveform becomes blunt. When the waveform of thedriving signal is blunt, the displacement of the piezoelectric element60 which is operated in accordance with the rising or falling edge ofthe waveform becomes slow, tailing during discharge or a dischargedefect is generated, and the quality of printing deteriorates.

Meanwhile, if the frequency of the self-excited oscillation is higherthan 8 MHz, resolution of the waveform of the driving signal increases.However, as switching frequency increases in the transistor, switchingloss increases, and compared to linear amplification of a class-ABamplifier or the like, excellent power saving performance and generatedheat saving performance are deteriorated.

For this reason, in the above-described liquid discharging apparatus 1,the head unit 20, the integrated circuit device 500, and the drivingcircuit 50, it is preferable that the frequency of the modulation signalis 1 MHz to 8 MHz.

Returning to FIG. 10, in the example illustrated in FIG. 10, theresistor R1, the resistor R2, the first transistor M1, the secondtransistor M2, the capacitor C5, the diode D10, and the low pass filter560 are configured as the output circuit 550 which generates theamplification control signal based on the modulation signal, generatesthe driving signal based on the amplification control signal, andoutputs the driving signal to a capacitive load (piezoelectric element60).

The first power source portion 530 applies the signal to a terminaldifferent from a terminal to which the driving signal of thepiezoelectric element 60 is applied. The first power source portion 530is configured of a constant voltage circuit, such as a bandgap referencecircuit. The first power source portion 530 outputs the voltage VBS froma terminal VBS. In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, the first powersource portion 530 generates the voltage VBS by using a ground potentialof the ground terminal Gnd as a reference.

The boosting circuit 540 supplies power to the gate driver 520. Theboosting circuit 540 can be configured of a charge pump circuit or aswitching regulator. In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, the boostingcircuit 540 generates the voltage Vm which becomes the power sourcevoltage on the high potential side of the second gate driver 522. Inaddition, the boosting circuit 540 boosts the voltage Vdd by using theground potential of the ground terminal Gnd as a reference, andgenerates the voltage Vm.

In the embodiment, the gate driver 520, the first power source portion530, and the boosting circuit 540 are connected to the common groundterminal Gnd. In addition, the gate driver 520, the first power sourceportion 530, and the boosting circuit 540 may be connected to the groundterminals which are separated from each other.

In the embodiment, the boosting circuit 540 may be the charge pumpcircuit. According to the embodiment, compared to a case where aswitching regulator circuit is used as the boosting circuit 540, it ispossible to suppress generation of noise. Therefore, since it ispossible to control the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 60with high accuracy, it is possible to realize the liquid dischargingapparatus 1, the head unit 20, the integrated circuit device 500, andthe driving circuit 50, in which the discharge accuracy of liquid can beimproved.

The second power source portion 534 which supplies power to at least oneof the plurality of circuits formed in the integrated circuit device 500is configured of a positive voltage circuit, such as a bandgap referencecircuit. In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, the second power sourceportion 534 supplies the voltage Vdd to the DAC 511, the modulationportion 510, and the boosting circuit 540.

3. Layout Configuration of Integrated Circuit Device

FIG. 12 is a plan view schematically illustrating an example of a layoutconfiguration of the integrated circuit device 500. In FIG. 12, amongeach terminal illustrated in FIG. 10, only important terminals areillustrated.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 12, the low voltage system circuitblock 535 and the high voltage system circuit block 531 are formed onthe same semiconductor substrate 5000. The semiconductor substrate 5000has one substrate potential supply terminal PBKG to which a substratepotential of the semiconductor substrate 5000 is supplied. The suppliedsubstrate potential is a ground potential when the semiconductorsubstrate 5000 is a P type, and is a power source potential when thesemiconductor substrate 5000 is an N type. Hereinafter, a case where thesemiconductor substrate 5000 is a P type will be described.

FIG. 13A is a sectional view schematically illustrating a structure ofthe integrated circuit device 500. FIG. 13B is a circuit diagramschematically illustrating the integrated circuit device 500.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 13A, in a triple well structure wherean N type well is formed on the P type semiconductor substrate 5000, anda P type well is formed on the N type well, the low voltage systemcircuit block 535 and the high voltage system circuit block 531 (forexample, the first gate driver 521 and the second gate driver 522) areformed.

The voltage Vdd on the high potential side of the low voltage systemcircuit block 535 is supplied to the N type well, and a potential GndAon the low potential side is supplied to the P type well. The potentialBst on the high potential side of the first gate driver 521 is suppliedto the N type well, and the potential Sw on the low potential side issupplied to the P type well. A potential Gvd on the high potential sideof the second gate driver 522 is supplied to the N type well, and apotential Gnd on the low potential side is supplied to the P type well.

As illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B, between the P type semiconductorsubstrate 5000 and the N type well, capacity coupling which makes adepletion layer a dielectric in an AC is performed. For this reason, thenoise generated by the potential Bst or the potential Gvd which is thepotential on the high potential side of the high voltage system circuitblock 531 influences the Vdd which is the potential on the highpotential side of the low voltage system circuit block 535 via thesemiconductor substrate 5000.

Here, in the embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 12, in a plan view, theshortest straight path between the substrate potential supply terminalPBKG and the low voltage system circuit block 535 does not intersect thehigh voltage system circuit block 531, and the shortest straight pathbetween the substrate potential supply terminal PBKG and the highvoltage system circuit block 531 does not intersect the low voltagesystem circuit block 535.

According to the embodiment, it is possible to prevent noise from comingin through the semiconductor substrate 5000 to the low voltage systemcircuit block 535 from the high voltage system circuit block 531 whichincludes the gate driver 520 that becomes a source of noise, by usingone substrate potential supply terminal PBKG. Accordingly, themodulation portion 510 can generate the modulation signal with excellentaccuracy. Therefore, since it is possible to control the voltage appliedto the piezoelectric element 60 with high accuracy, it is possible torealize the liquid discharging apparatus 1, the head unit 20, thedriving circuit 50, and the integrated circuit device 500, in which thedischarge accuracy of liquid can be improved. In addition, even whenonly one substrate potential supply terminal PBKG is provided, since itis possible to prevent noise from coming in, it is possible to reduce anarea of the semiconductor substrate 5000.

As illustrated in FIG. 13A, in the embodiment, the low voltage systemcircuit block 535 and the high voltage system circuit block 531 areseparated from each other in the triple well structure.

According to the embodiment, as the high voltage system circuit block531 and the low voltage system circuit block 535 are separated from eachother by the triple well structure, it is possible to prevent noise fromcoming in through the semiconductor substrate 5000 to the low voltagesystem circuit block 535 from the high voltage system circuit block 531which includes the gate driver 520 that becomes the source of noise.Accordingly, the modulation portion 510 can generate the modulationsignal with high accuracy. Therefore, since it is possible to controlthe voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 60 with high accuracy,it is possible to realize the liquid discharging apparatus 1, the headunit 20, the driving circuit 50, and the integrated circuit device 500,in which the discharge accuracy of liquid can be improved.

As described above, in the embodiment, the low voltage system circuitblock 535 includes the source signal generation portion (DAC 511) whichgenerates the source signal.

According to the embodiment, it is possible to suppress the influence ofnoise on the source signal generation portion (DAC 511). Accordingly,the modulation portion 510 can generate the modulation signal with highaccuracy. Therefore, since it is possible to control the voltage appliedto the piezoelectric element 60 with high accuracy, it is possible torealize the liquid discharging apparatus 1, the head unit 20, thedriving circuit 50, and the integrated circuit device 500, in which thedischarge accuracy of liquid can be improved.

As described above, in the embodiment, the low voltage system circuitblock 535 includes the power source portion (second power source portion534) which supplies power to at least one of the plurality of circuitsformed on the semiconductor substrate 5000.

According to the embodiment, it is possible suppress the influence ofnoise on the power source portion (second power source portion 534).Accordingly, it is possible to stabilize the operation of the circuit towhich power of the power source is supplied. Therefore, since it ispossible to control the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 60with high accuracy, it is possible to realize the liquid dischargingapparatus 1, the head unit 20, the driving circuit 50, and theintegrated circuit device 500, in which the discharge accuracy of liquidcan be improved.

As described above, in the embodiment, the high voltage system circuitblock 531 includes the boosting circuit 540.

According to the embodiment, it is possible to prevent noise from comingin through the semiconductor substrate 5000 to the low voltage systemcircuit block 535 from the high voltage system circuit block 531 whichincludes the boosting circuit 540 that becomes the source of noise, byusing one substrate potential supply terminal PBKG. Accordingly, themodulation portion 510 can generate the modulation signal with highaccuracy. Therefore, since it is possible to control the voltage appliedto the piezoelectric element 60 with high accuracy, it is possible torealize the liquid discharging apparatus 1, the head unit 20, thedriving circuit 50, and the integrated circuit device 500, in which thedischarge accuracy of liquid can be improved.

Above, the embodiment and modification examples are described, but theinvention is not limited to the embodiment and the modificationexamples, and can be carried out in various aspects without departingthe range of the main idea.

The invention includes a configuration (for example, a configurationwhich has the same functions, methods, and effects, or a configurationwhich has the same purpose and effects) which is substantially the sameas the configuration described in the embodiment. In addition, theinvention includes a configuration in which a part which is notessential in the configuration described in the embodiment is replaced.In addition, the invention includes a configuration which achieves thesame operation effects, and a configuration which can achieve the samepurpose, as those of the configuration described in the embodiment. Inaddition, the invention includes a configuration in which a knowntechnology is added to the configuration described in the embodiment.

What is claimed is:
 1. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising: a lowvoltage system circuit block including a modulation portion whichgenerates a modulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; ahigh voltage system circuit block including a gate driver whichgenerates an amplification control signal based on the modulationsignal; a transistor which generates an amplification modulation signalamplified from the modulation signal based on the amplification controlsignal; a low pass filter which demodulates the amplification modulationsignal and generates a driving signal; a piezoelectric element which isdisplaced as the driving signal is applied; a cavity in which the insideis filled with liquid and the internal volume changes due to thedisplacement of the piezoelectric element; and a nozzle whichcommunicates with the cavity, and discharges the liquid inside thecavity as liquid droplets in accordance with the change in the internalvolume of the cavity, wherein the low voltage system circuit block andthe high voltage system circuit block are formed on the samesemiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has onesubstrate potential supply terminal to which a substrate potential ofthe semiconductor substrate is supplied, and wherein, in a plan view,the shortest straight path between the substrate potential supplyterminal and the low voltage system circuit block does not intersect thehigh voltage system circuit block, and the shortest straight pathbetween the substrate potential supply terminal and the high voltagesystem circuit block does not intersect the low voltage system circuitblock.
 2. The liquid discharging apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe low voltage system circuit block and the high voltage system circuitblock are respectively separated from each other in a triple wellstructure.
 3. The liquid discharging apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the low voltage system circuit block further includes a sourcesignal generation portion which generates the source signal.
 4. Theliquid discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lowvoltage system circuit block further includes a power source portionwhich supplies power to at least one of a plurality of circuits formedon the semiconductor substrate.
 5. The liquid discharging apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the high voltage system circuit blockfurther includes a boosting circuit.
 6. The liquid discharging apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency of themodulation signal is 1 MHz to 8 MHz.
 7. A head unit comprising: a lowvoltage system circuit block including a modulation portion whichgenerates a modulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; ahigh voltage system circuit block including a gate driver whichgenerates an amplification control signal based on the modulationsignal; a transistor which generates an amplification modulation signalamplified from the modulation signal based on the amplification controlsignal; a low pass filter which demodulates the amplification modulationsignal and generates a driving signal; a piezoelectric element which isdisplaced as the driving signal is applied; a cavity in which the insideis filled with liquid and an internal volume changes due to thedisplacement of the piezoelectric element; and a nozzle whichcommunicates with the cavity, and discharges the liquid inside thecavity as liquid droplets in accordance with the change in the internalvolume of the cavity, wherein the low voltage system circuit block andthe high voltage system circuit block are formed on the samesemiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has onesubstrate potential supply terminal to which a substrate potential ofthe semiconductor substrate is supplied, and wherein, in a plan view,the shortest straight path between the substrate potential supplyterminal and the low voltage system circuit block does not intersect thehigh voltage system circuit block, and the shortest straight pathbetween the substrate potential supply terminal and the high voltagesystem circuit block does not intersect the low voltage system circuitblock.
 8. A capacitive load driving circuit comprising: a low voltagesystem circuit block including a modulation portion which generates amodulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; a high voltagesystem circuit block including a gate driver which generates anamplification control signal based on the modulation signal; atransistor which generates an amplification modulation signal amplifiedfrom the modulation signal based on the amplification control signal;and a low pass filter which demodulates the amplification modulationsignal, generates a driving signal, and outputs the driving signal to acapacitive load, wherein the low voltage system circuit block and thehigh voltage system circuit block are formed on the same semiconductorsubstrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has one substratepotential supply terminal to which a substrate potential of thesemiconductor substrate is supplied, and wherein, in a plan view, theshortest straight path between the substrate potential supply terminaland the low voltage system circuit block does not intersect the highvoltage system circuit block, and the shortest straight path between thesubstrate potential supply terminal and the high voltage system circuitblock does not intersect the low voltage system circuit block.
 9. Anintegrated circuit device for capacitive load driving comprising: a lowvoltage system circuit block including a modulation portion whichgenerates a modulation signal pulse-modulated from a source signal; anda high voltage system circuit block including a gate driver whichgenerates and outputs an amplification control signal to an outputcircuit that drives a capacitive load based on the modulation signal,wherein the low voltage system circuit block and the high voltage systemcircuit block are formed on the same semiconductor substrate, whereinthe semiconductor substrate has one substrate potential supply terminalto which a substrate potential of the semiconductor substrate issupplied, and wherein, in a plan view, the shortest straight pathbetween the substrate potential supply terminal and the low voltagesystem circuit block does not intersect the high voltage system circuitblock, and the shortest straight path between the substrate potentialsupply terminal and the high voltage system circuit block does notintersect the low voltage system circuit block.